by nowと未来完了 |
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投稿者:h-ike |
投稿日:2004/11/27(Sat) 08:36:28 |
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(これまでの質問)
【ロイヤル英文法問題集】p.50 3. (4) By now
someone else ( ) her and will keep it. 動詞を適当な形に変えよ 正解 has found By now
だから未来完了ではないですか?
【回答】
例文が文脈を離れてわかりにくくなってしまいました。 意味は「今頃誰か他の人がそれを見つけて,持ち続けるだろう」 ということで,「それ」は話者がなくした何か,ということでした。代名詞のために大変わかりにくい英文になってしまいました。
By
now someone else has found her ring and will keep
it.
とすべき所でした。
ところで,by
nowは未来完了と共に用いられるのではないか,というご指摘だと思います。
手元の和英辞書では,By now, she will have
reached Kyoto.
(今ごろは彼女は京都に着いているだろう.)(Genius)といった例が見られます。したがって未来完了も可能だと考えられます。
ただ,現在完了でも問題はないと考えられます。by
nowの出現状況をみると,「その頃までには〜していただろう」という場合と「今頃〜している」場合など,結構,時制は緩やかなようです。
I
stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map. I had expected to be near
my objective by now, but everything still seemed alien to me. I was only five
when my father had taken me abroad, and that was eighteen years ago.(過去完了,弘前大学,
2001)
A blizzard-bound porcupine cried softly from the branch of a tree.
Estelow shot it with his pistol. At least they wouldn't starve to death! But by
now Carney was ill, burning with fever. After putting more wood on the fire,
Estelow got him to bed in the inner room.(過去,Creative English Reading)
I
don't have a baby to nurse any more. But I still sit in this chair several times
a day. By now every family member has learned that "I'm going up to my chair" is
an invitation. And more often than not, it's not long before someone seeks me
out in the family sanctuary, where conversation is king. (現在完了,Holly Robinson,
"The Listening Chair," Readers Digest, May 2003.)
Because, my dear
Louis, if you had been a really clever detective, you would by now have realized
that the two pies you have here could not possibly have been made
tonight. (助動詞の完了形(仮定法),慶応)英英辞典の例文はこの形が多いようです。
Early in the morning a
customer walks up to a fast-food stall called Joydev's in front of Bombay
railway station. He places his order saying, "ragda-kachori" (a kind of fried
bread served with a spicy sauce). As soon as the order is placed, the cook
quickly crushes the bread with one hand and pours the spicy sauce on it with ( a
). While he is doing this, the customer will have already placed money on the
counter by now ― six rupees (or 13 US cents). In four to eight seconds, the
entire process has been completed.(未来完了,西南学院,
2004)
問題文の文脈が不十分なために時制の確定が難しくなっています。 「もう見つかってしまって」という気持ちがあれば,現在完了。それに推量の気持ちが加われば,助動詞の完了形ということで,いずれも可能だと思います。日本語もありませんでしたので,不親切な問題となってしまいました。申し訳ありませんでした。
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